Redox molecules, or redox signaling molecules, are crucial for cellular communication and health. "Redox" stands for reduction and oxidation, which are chemical reactions where electrons are transferred between molecules. These molecules help maintain a balance between reduction (gain of electrons) and oxidation (loss of electrons) in the body, both of which are essential for numerous biological processes.

Here’s a breakdown of how redox molecules contribute to health:

1. Cellular Signaling: Redox molecules play a key role in cellular communication, especially in helping cells signal damage or stress. They alert the immune system to repair damaged cells or replace them, facilitating healing.

2. Antioxidant Support: They act as intermediaries in the body’s antioxidant defense system. Our bodies produce antioxidants, but for these to work, they need redox signaling molecules to activate and regenerate, protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals.

3. Energy Production: Mitochondria, the energy centers of cells, are where redox reactions primarily occur. During cellular respiration, mitochondria create energy (in the form of ATP) and produce redox molecules, which also help balance cellular pH and maintain cellular function.

4. Immune Response: Redox signaling molecules are crucial in modulating the immune response. They help increase the body's inflammatory response to deal with pathogens and reduce inflammation when healing is underway. This balance helps prevent chronic inflammation, which is linked to many diseases.